China Carmakers Lose a BRIC in Export Drive 中国汽车厂商的出口机会将逐步缩窄

By newsdoug on September 21, 2011

Brazil throws up stop sign for China autos Chinese car makers looking to exports to offset slowing sales at home have received a setback, after an alarmed Brazil sharply raised car import tariffs in a move that appears to be aimed at a sudden spike in Chinese imports. (English article) According to a domestic media report, Brazil rushed through the new rates, which will raise tariffs by 30 percentage points, after imports of Chinese cars zoomed from zero last year to 43,000 vehicles in the first eight months of this year, accounting for 3.3 percent of the market. The increase will deal a blow to car makers like Chery and Dongfeng Motor (HKEx: 489), as they look to foreign markets to help offset slowing domestic sales. China’s car makers saw their sales jump by healthy double-digit rates in 2009 and 2010, as their market, with the help of rising incomes and buying incentives from Beijing, zoomed past the US to become the world’s largest by unit sales. But the growth has come skidding to a halt this year as incentives expired, prompting some of the more innovative companies to look abroad to offset the slowdown. Most domestic firms’ cars are too low in quality to compete in developed western markets, leading some to target developing markets like the BRICS. This latest move by Brazil spotlights the risks for that road, as developing markets aren’t likely to welcome a flood of imported vehicles that could hurt their own domestic automakers, and will thus resort to this kind of tax to encourage investment in their domestic industries. Indeed, China itself uses just such tactics, imposing high tariffs on imported autos that have encouraged foreign giants like GM (NYSE: GM) and Volkswagen (Frankfurt: VOWG) to invest heavily in the Chinese domestic industry. Chery has already detailed plans to invest $400 million in a Brazilian manufacturing plant, and this latest move by Brazil is likely to spark more similar moves for companies that have the cash to invest.

Bottom line: Brazil’s tax increase on imported cars will put the brakes on Chinese exports to the market, and spotlights the difficulties they will face exporting to developing markets in general.

巴西大幅提高汽车进口关税，似乎在遏制中国产品进口的骤然增长。这令中国汽车厂商寻求以出口增长抵消内需放缓的努力遭遇挫折。根据巴西媒体报导，巴西今年前八个月进口中国汽车4.3万辆，占到巴西市场的3.3%，而去年进口还是零，这促使巴西政府匆忙出台新关税税率，大幅提高30个百分点。该举措将给奇瑞、东风集团等中国汽车厂商沉重一击，他们原以为可以借助国际市场抵消国内销售放缓的冲击。2009年和2010年，中国汽车厂商销量均以两位数增幅上升，在民众收入提高和中国政府鼓励政策支撑下，中国汽车市场以销量计算已经超过美国，成为全球之首。但是，随着购车刺激政策到期，今年销量增长陷于停滞，促使一些更具创新性的公司开始瞄准海外市场，寻求以此抵消国内市场放缓的影响。多数国产汽车质量太差，无法参与发达国家市场竞争，部分企业于是转向包括金砖国家在内的发展中国家市场。巴西最近开始的关税行动给中国厂商敲响了警钟，发展中国家市场也不大可能容忍进口汽车泛滥，并伤害到本国企业，于是终将拿起关税武器，鼓励外商投资于本国的汽车产业。实际上，中国自己实行的也是这种策略，对进口车徵收高关税，鼓励通用汽车(GM.N)和大众汽车(VOWG.DE)等行业巨头大量投资于中国汽车工业。奇瑞已经制定了详细计划，拟投资4亿美元在巴西建制造厂。巴西提高关税的举动很可能是希望刺激更多有投资能力的企业仿效吉利。

一句话：巴西对进口汽车提高征税标准将遏制中国对巴西汽车出口，也凸显了中国汽车厂商对发展中国家市场出口面临的困难。